Galvanization ita ce hanya mafi dacewa don kare ƙarfe daga tsatsa. Ainihin,wanka mai galvanizingbabban kettle ne na zinc da ake amfani da shi don shafa sassan ƙarfe. Idan aka tsoma ƙarfe mai tsabta a cikin wannan baho, zinc ɗin zai haɗu da saman, yana samar da ƙarewa mai ƙarfi, mai jure tsatsa. Galvanization ya kasance sama da shekaru 150, duk da haka yana ci gaba da kasancewa mai inganci kuma mai aminci ga muhalli. A zahiri, sau da yawa ana ambatonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin hana tsatsa mafi aminci ga muhalli. Sakamakon shine ƙarfe wanda zai iya rayuwa shekaru da yawa a waje ba tare da kulawa sosai ba. A ƙasa za mu bayyana mataki-mataki yadda ɓangaren ƙarfe ke tafiya daga tsohon ƙarfe mai ƙura zuwa ƙarfe mai sulke na zinc, a cikin baho mai sulke.
Menene Wanka Mai Gina Jiki?
Wanka mai amfani da galvanizing kawai wani kwano ne na zinc da aka narke wanda aka dumama shi zuwa kusan 450°C (842°F). Ana saukar da sassan ƙarfe cikin wannan zinc mai zafi, wanda yayi kama da ƙarfe mai launin azurfa. A lokacin nutsewa, zinc yana amsawa da ƙarfe a cikin ƙarfe, yana ƙirƙirar haɗin ƙarfe tsakanin zinc da ƙarfe. A aikace, kamfanoni galibi suna kiran wannangalvanizing mai zafitsari - a zahiri tsoma ƙarfe cikin zinc mai "zafi" (narkewa).
Wannan hanyar tana da tasiri sosai. Yawancin lokaci ana ajiye wankan zinc fiye da kashi 98% na zinc mai tsabta, kuma tsarin jigilar kaya ko crane yana karkatar da sassan ƙarfe a hankali don zinc ya mamaye kowane kusurwa na ɓangaren. Ko da siffofi ko bututun da ba su da ramuka suna cika da zinc, don haka ciki yana da rufi da waje. Kamar yadda wani jagorar masana'antu ya faɗa, yin amfani da galvanization mai zafi tsari ne na "nutsewa gaba ɗaya" - ƙarfe yana nutsewa gaba ɗaya kuma yana da rufin zinc.duksaman ciki da waje. An ɗaga ƙarfen bayan 'yan mintuna kaɗan tare da sabon fatar ƙarfe mai sheƙi a kansa.
Tsarin Galvanization Mai Zafi (Fara zuwa Ƙarshe)
Tsarin yin amfani da galvanization yana da matakai da dama. Dole ne a yi kowanne a hankali, domin zinc zai manne ne kawai a saman da babu wani abu mai tsabta. Gabaɗaya, matakan sune:
Tsaftacewa (Rage Man Shafawa da Tsaftacewa):Da farko ana tsaftace ƙarfen sosai don cire mai, mai, da tsatsa mai laushi. Wannan yawanci ya ƙunshi maganin alkali mai zafi (caustic) wanda ke rage man fetur a ƙarfen. Na gaba, ƙarfen yana shiga cikin wanka mai tsami (sau da yawa yana narkar da sulfuric ko hydrochloric acid) don cinye sikelin niƙa da tsatsa. Bayan an yi ɗanyen, duk wani datti mai tauri, fenti ko tarkace ana cire shi da hannu ko ta hanyar fashewa. A takaice, dole ne a kawar da duk wani gurɓataccen abu, domin zinc ba zai haɗu da ƙarfe mai datti ba.
Juyawa:Kafin a yi amfani da galvanized, ana tsoma ƙarfe mai tsabta a cikin ruwan flux, yawanci cakuda zinc ammonium chloride. Ruwan flux yana wanke alamun oxide na ƙarshe kuma yana hana sabon iskar shaka kafin ya nutse. A wasu tsire-tsire, bargo mai laushi "mai laushi" ma yana shawagi a saman baho na zinc don taimakawa wajen rage man shafawa yayin da ƙarfen ke shiga. Matakin fluxing yana da mahimmanci: yana tabbatar da cewa zinc ɗin da aka narke zai iya shiga.jikaƙarfe daidai gwargwado.
Nutsewa a cikin Bahon Zinc:Yanzu ne zuciyar aikin. Ana saukar da ƙarfen da aka shirya a hankali (sau da yawa a kusurwa) cikin kettle ɗin zinc mai narkewa, wanda yawanci ake riƙe shi a ~450°C. Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna sandunan ƙarfe suna shiga cikin wanka mai zafi na zinc. Da zarar ƙarfe ya taɓa ƙarfen ruwa, amsawar ta fara. Zinc ya fara haɗawa da saman ƙarfe, kuma zinc na ruwa yana gudana a kusa da dukkan ɓangaren. A cikin baho, zinc da ƙarfe suna samar da layuka da yawa na ƙarfe ta hanyar amsawar ƙarfe. A wannan lokacin (yawanci 'yan mintuna kaɗan), murfin yana taruwa har zuwa kauri da ya dace. Layer nanarkezinc yana mannewa a saman ƙarfe sannan ya yi sanyi don samar da fata mai ƙarfi ta waje.
Hoto: Ana tsoma sassan ƙarfe a cikin wani baho mai zafi da aka tsoma a cikin galvanizing. Narkewar zinc (azurfa mai ruwa) yana shafa ƙarfen da sauri.
Masu sarrafa injin suna ɗaukar lokaci a nutsewa a hankali. Ga yawancin sassan, nutsewa na mintuna 4-5 ya isa. Manyan sassan ko waɗanda aka rufe na iya buƙatar ƙarin lokaci kafin su kai ga cikakken zafin jiki. Da zarar an dumama su, ana ɗaga ɓangaren a hankali. Yayin da yake tashi, duk wani sinadarin zinc da ya wuce kima yana zubewa - wani lokacin ana taimakawa ta hanyar girgiza ko juya ɓangaren. Siraran harsashin zinc da ya rage zai yi sanyi ya kuma taurare, sau da yawa yana ɗaukar kyakkyawan launin azurfa a waje. A zahiri, sabon ƙarfe mai galvanized sau da yawa yana walƙiya; yanayin "spangle" ko tsarin kamar dusar ƙanƙara na zinc mai lu'ulu'u na iya bayyana a saman yayin da yake tauri.
Sanyaya (Passivation/Quenching):Bayan an cire shi, ana sanyaya ƙarfen da aka shafa. Ana iya yin hakan ta hanyar sanyaya iska mai sauƙi ko kuma ta hanyar kashe ƙarfen mai zafi a cikin ruwa ko kuma wanka mai ɗauke da sinadarai. Ba a buƙatar tsaftacewa ta musamman - haɗin zinc/ƙarfe ya riga ya yi ƙarfi. Duk wani siririn Layer na waje na zinc oxide (farin tsatsa) wanda zai iya samuwa sau da yawa ana barin shi shi kaɗai ko kuma a yi masa magani kaɗan. Ba kamar sassan da aka fenti ba, ƙarfen galvanized yawanci yana buƙatarbabu wani ƙarin ƙarshedon dorewa.
Dubawa:Mataki na ƙarshe shine duba da sauri da kuma duba fasaha. Masu duba suna duba ko kowane yanki an shafa masa kauri kuma suna auna kauri. Tunda zinc kawai yana ɗaure da ƙarfe mai tsabta, ƙananan tabo suna da sauƙin gani (ƙarfe mara komai yana da haske). Ma'aunin ma'auni na yau da kullun suna auna kauri na shafi don tabbatar da cewa ya cika ƙa'idodi. A wannan lokacin ƙarfe mai galvanized yana shirye don amfani, wanda aka tabbatar zai iya jure tsatsa tsawon shekaru da yawa.
A Cikin Wanka: Ƙarfe da Kariya
Abin da ke faruwa da ƙarfen da ke cikin zinc ɗin da aka narke wani abu ne mai sarkakiya - kuma ɗaya daga cikin ƙarfin galvanizing. Yayin da ƙarfe mai zafi ke zaune a cikin baho, ƙwayoyin zinc suna yaɗuwa zuwa ƙarfe don samar da mahaɗan ƙarfe da yawa. Ƙungiyar Galvanizers ta Amurka ta kwatanta wannan da wani sashe mai giciye: akwai wani Layer na waje na kusan tsantsar zinc (wanda ake kira Layer eta) da kuma a ƙarƙashinsa akwai layuka 3 masu tauri (wanda ake kira gamma, delta, zeta) a daidai wurin haɗin ƙarfe. Abin mamaki, waɗannan layukan ƙarfe na zinc-iron sunatauri fiye da ƙarfe mai laushiMisali, ƙananan ƙasusuwa ba sa shiga cikin wannan rufin mai layuka da yawa cikin sauƙi. A aikace, rufin da aka yi da galvanized yana da matuƙar tauri kuma yana jure wa gogewa.
Wata babbar fa'ida ita ce kariyar cathodic (na hadaya). Zinc ya fi aiki da sinadarai fiye da ƙarfe. A taƙaice, idan an goge murfin zuwa ƙarfe mara komai, zinc da ke kewaye zai fi kyau ya fara lalacewa, yana kare ƙarfen. A gaskiya ma, galvanization mai zafi ya shahara da wannan: wata majiya ta lura cewa ko da ƙarfe mara komai (mai girman inci 1/2) ya bayyana a cikin karce, "babu tsatsa da zai fara har sai an cinye duk zinc da ke kewaye". Wannan yana nufin ƙananan ƙusoshi ba sa buƙatar sake fenti; zinc ɗin yana sadaukar da kansa akan lokaci.
Tsawon shekaru, shaƙar iska da ruwan sama yana mayar da zinc zuwa samfuran da ba su da lahani (oxides, hydroxides, carbonates) - launin toka da za ku iya gani a kan tsohon ƙarfe mai galvanized. sinadarin zinc A hankali yana samar da wani ɓawon waje mai kariya wanda ke ƙara rage tsatsa. A gaskiya ma, ƙarfe mai kauri da aka yi wa ado da kyau yana lalata ƙarfe sau 30 a hankali. A aikace, wannan yana nufin rufin da aka yi da galvanized yakan ɗauki shekaru 50-60 ko fiye ba tare da kulawa ba, ya danganta da muhalli.
Abubuwan Mamaki na AmfaninGalvanizing
Galvanizing yana ba da abubuwa da yawa "wow" waɗanda ba za ku iya tsammani daga rufin ƙarfe mai sauƙi ba:
1. Cikakken Rufewa:Domin kuwa sinadarin galvanizing mai zafi yana nutsar da ɓangaren, har ma yana shafa cikin sassan da ke cikin ramuka da kuma cikin bututu. Zare da kusurwoyin da aka ɓoye suna samun zinc, ba kamar fenti mai gogewa ba. Wannan nutsarwa gaba ɗaya yana nufin tsatsa ba za ta iya shiga daga wuraren da ba a zata ba.
2. Taurin da aka gina a ciki:Layukan ƙarfen zinc suna da tauri kuma suna jure wa gogewa. A wasu gwaje-gwaje, an rufe murfin ƙarfen galvanizedsau gomaYa fi juriya ga gogewa fiye da fenti na yau da kullun. Tsarin zinc na waje (eta) yana da laushi da ductile, yana ba da juriya ga tasiri, yayin da layukan ƙarfe na ciki sun fi tauri. Wannan haɗin layuka da yawa yana nufin sassan galvanized suna tsira daga lalacewa da rashin ƙarfi.
3. Kariyar Warkarwa da Kai (Katolika):Kamar yadda aka lura, zinc zai "sadaukar da kansa" don kare ƙarfe. Ƙananan ƙasusuwa a kan ƙarfe mai galvanized ba sa tsatsa saboda zinc yana lalacewa da farko (wanda kuma ake kira kariyar cathodic). Akwai ma suna, "gefen gefe," don abin da ke faruwa da ƙarfe mai fenti (tsatsa tana ratsawa ƙarƙashin fenti) - kuma galvanization a zahiri yana hana shi.
4. Saurin Sauyawa:Duk da kayan aiki masu nauyi, ainihin matakin galvanization yana da sauri. Rataya wani yanki da tsoma shi cikin zinc yana ɗaukar mintuna kaɗan kawai. Shirye-shirye galibi tsaftacewa ne na sinadarai, kuma masana'antar da ke aiki da kyau za ta iya aiwatar da oda cikin 'yan kwanaki jimilla. A zahiri, shagunan galvanizing na zamani suna da sabis na awanni 24 ga ƙananan oda.
5. Tsawon Rayuwar Sabis:Rufin galvanized zai iya kare ƙarfe tsawon shekaru da dama ba tare da sake fenti ba. A yanayin da ake amfani da shi a waje (masana'antu ko karkara), abu ne da aka saba gani shekaru 50+ kafin a fara gyara shi. Wannan tsawon rai yakan sa fenti galvanizing ya fi rahusa fiye da sake fenti lokaci-lokaci a cikin dogon lokaci.
6. Sadaukar da Muhalli:Tsarin yin amfani da galvanization yana da tsafta sosai. Ana sake yin amfani da zinc da aka yi amfani da shi, kuma babu wasu sinadarai masu canzawa kamar fenti. Karfe mai galvanized yana da sauƙin sake amfani da shi 100% a ƙarshen rayuwa. Har ma ƙungiyoyin masana'antu sun lura cewa galvanizing a matsayin "mai yiwuwa mafi kyawun kariya ga muhalli" da ake da shi.
7. Gamawa Mai Ganewa:Karfe mai galvanized sau da yawa yana da siffa ta musammanan yi masa lanƙwasako kuma tsarin dusar ƙanƙara a samansa. Waɗannan lu'ulu'u masu launin azurfa sune ƙwayoyin zinc waɗanda ke ƙarfafawa, kuma suna ba saman galvanized wani yanayi na musamman. Yana nuna cewa akwai ainihin rufin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen tsoma ruwan zafi.
Kayan Aiki Masu Inganci: Kamfanin Gilashin Bututu na Bonan Tech
Manyan shagunan galvanizing suna amfani da injina masu nauyi don gudanar da waɗannan ayyuka akai-akai. Misali, Bonan Technology Co., Ltd., wani kamfanin kera kayan aiki, ya jaddada cewa"Shuka Mai Gina Bututu Mai Kyau"An gina su da ƙarfe mai inganci da kayan haɗin gwiwa. Layukan su na atomatik suna sarrafa komai: jigs don rataye bututu, tankunan rage man alkali, pickles na acid, tashoshin flux, na'urar jigilar kaya ta cikin kettle na zinc, da tankunan kashe wuta. Bonan ya lura cewa an ƙera masana'antar galvanizing bututun don ci gaba da samarwa a duk faɗin diamita na bututu.
Hoto: Layin bututu mai ci gaba da aiki. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire masu sarrafa kansu suna motsa sassan bututu ta hanyar tsaftacewa, fluxing, da kuma wanka na zinc mai narkewa.
A cikin layin Bonan Tech, kowane mataki ana kula da shi sosai. A gaskiya ma, yin amfani da bututun galvanization yawanci yana bin waɗannan takamaiman matakai:
Tsaftace Tsaftace:Bututu suna shiga cikin ruwan wanka mai zafi na sodium-hydroxide don cire ma'aunin mai da niƙa.
Tsaftace Acid:Bayan haka, suna yin wanka mai sinadarin acid (yawanci HCl ko H₂SO₄) don narkar da tsatsa da sauran sinadarai masu guba.
Kurkurawa da Rage ...Bayan an kurkure, ana tsoma bututun a cikin ruwan zinc-ammonium chloride, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa ƙarfen ba shi da sinadarin oxide kafin a yi amfani da shi wajen yin galvanization.
Busarwa:Duk wani danshi da ke kan ƙarfen na'urar busar da iska ce ke fitar da shi ko kuma ta ƙafe shi.
Nutsewa (Baho na Zinc):Ana saka bututun a cikin tukunyar zinc mai narkewa. Ruwan zafi yana rufe su sosai da zinc.
Kashewa:A ƙarshe, ana sanyaya bututun mai zafi da sauri a cikin ruwa ko wurin kashe wuta don rufe murfin.
Kowace bututu da ke fitowa yanzu tana da wani nau'in rufin zinc don hana tsatsa. A cewar bayanin Bonan, suna da"Injin Galvanizing na atomatik don Bututu"yana iya sarrafa "dukan nau'ikan bututun da za a yi amfani da su wajen yin amfani da galvanized", yana tabbatar da cewa ko da manyan ko ƙananan bututu ne suka sami madaidaicin layin zinc.
Kammalawa
Wanka mai amfani da galvanization ya fi ƙarfin tukunyar ƙarfe kawai - shine cibiyar wani tsari da aka tabbatar da kimiyya ta hanyarsa wanda ke ba ƙarfe kariya ta warkarwa. Daga matakan tsaftacewa zuwa nutsewa mai zafi na zinc, kowane mataki an inganta shi don samar da rufin ƙarfe mai ɗorewa. Mun ga yadda ƙarfe mai ƙarfi ba wai kawai yake tsayayya da tsatsa ba amma yana yin hakan da kyau - tare da ƙarfe mai matakai da yawa, ƙarfinsa mai tsanani, da kuma tsawon shekaru na aiki.
Ko kai injiniya ne da ke ƙayyade gada ko kuma mai gida yana zaɓar sandunan shinge, fahimtar tsarin wanka na galvanizing yana taimakawa wajen bayyana dalilin da yasa ƙarfe mai galvanized yake da tasiri sosai. A takaice, a cikin wannan wanka mai narke zinc akwai tsarin tsaro mai ƙarfi da ban mamaki - wanda zai kiyaye tsarin ƙarfe lafiya tsawon tsararraki.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-21-2025