Menene Babban Tsari A cikin Shuka Galvanizing Maɓalli?

Maɓallin maɓalli na galvanizing yana aiki tare da manyan tsarin uku. Waɗannan tsarin suna aiki don shiryawa, sutura, da gama karfe. Tsarin yana amfani da kayan aiki na musamman kamarKayan Aikin Galvanizing Tsarin TsarinkumaLayin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙira (Robort). Kasuwar galvanizing mai zafi tana nuna gagarumin yuwuwar girma.

Key Takeaways

• Shuka galvanizing yana da manyan tsare-tsare guda uku: pre-jiyya, galvanizing, da bayan jiyya. Waɗannan tsarin suna aiki tare don tsaftacewa, sutura, da gama karfe.
• Tsarin magani na farko yana tsaftace karfe. Yana kawar da datti, maiko, da tsatsa. Wannan mataki yana taimakawa zinc ya tsaya da kyau ga karfe.
• Thegalvanizing tsarinyana sanya suturar zinc akan karfe. Tsarin bayan jiyya yana kwantar da ƙarfe kuma yana ƙara ƙirar kariya ta ƙarshe. Wannan yana sa ƙarfe ya yi ƙarfi kuma mai dorewa.

Tsarin 1: Tsarin Magani na Gabatarwa

Tsarin Kafin Jiyya shine mataki na farko kuma mafi mahimmanci a cikingalvanizing tsari. Babban aikinsa shi ne shirya shimfidar karfe mai tsafta daidai. Tsaftataccen wuri yana ba da damar zinc don samar da karfi, haɗin kai tare da karfe. Wannan tsarin yana amfani da jerin tsoma sinadarai don cire duk wani gurɓataccen abu.

Tankuna masu ragewa

Ragewa shine matakin tsaftacewa na farko. Sassan ƙarfe suna isa wurin shuka tare da gurɓataccen ƙasa kamar mai, datti, da mai. Tankuna masu raguwa suna cire waɗannan abubuwa. Tankunan sun ƙunshi maganin sinadarai waɗanda ke rushe ƙura. Maganganun gama gari sun haɗa da:

• Maganin ragewar alkaline
• Maganin rage acidic
• High-zazzabi alkaline degreasers

A Arewacin Amirka, yawancin galvanizers suna amfani da maganin sodium hydroxide mai zafi. Masu aiki yawanci suna zafi da waɗannan tankunan alkaline zuwa tsakanin 80-85 ° C (176-185 ° F). Wannan zafin jiki yana inganta aikin tsaftacewa ba tare da babban farashin makamashi na tafasar ruwa ba.

Rinsing Tankuna

Bayan kowane magani na sinadarai, karfe yana motsawa zuwa tanki mai kurkura. Kurkure yana wanke duk wani sinadari da ya ragu daga tankin da ya gabata. Wannan matakin yana hana gurɓata wanka na gaba a cikin jerin. Kurkura mai kyau yana da mahimmanci don kammala inganci.

Matsayin Masana'antu:A cewar SSPC-SP 8 Pickling Standard, ruwan kurkura dole ne ya kasance mai tsabta. Jimlar adadin acid ko narkar da gishirin da ake ɗauka a cikin tankunan kurkura bai kamata ya wuce gram biyu a kowace lita ba.

Acid Pickling Tanks

Bayan haka, karfe yana shiga cikin tanki mai tsinke acid. Wannan tanki ya ƙunshi bayani mai diluted acid, yawanci hydrochloric acid. Aikin acid shine ya cire tsatsa da sikelin niƙa, waɗanda ƙarfe oxides ne akan saman ƙarfe. Tsarin tsinke yana nuna ƙarancin ƙarfe, tsaftataccen ƙarfe a ƙasa, yana sa shi shirya don matakin shiri na ƙarshe.

Tankuna masu gudana

Fluxing shine mataki na ƙarshe a cikin riga-kafi. Karfe mai tsafta yana tsomawa cikin atankin ruwadauke da sinadarin zinc ammonium chloride bayani. Wannan bayani yana amfani da kariyar crystalline Layer zuwa karfe. Wannan Layer yana yin abubuwa guda biyu: yana yin tsabtace micro-tsabta na ƙarshe kuma yana kare ƙarfe daga iskar oxygen a cikin iska. Wannan fim ɗin kariya yana hana sabon tsatsa yin tsatsa kafin ƙarfe ya shiga cikin tudu mai zafi na zinc.

Tsarin 2: Tsarin Galvanizing

Bayan riga-kafi, karfe yana motsawa zuwa Tsarin Galvanizing. Manufar wannan tsarin shine a yi amfani dakariya zinc shafi. Ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwa guda uku: tanda mai bushewa, tanderun wuta, da tulun zinc. Waɗannan sassan suna aiki tare don ƙirƙirar haɗin ƙarfe tsakanin ƙarfe da zinc.

Tanderun bushewa

Tanda mai bushewa ita ce tasha ta farko a wannan tsarin. Babban aikinsa shine ya bushe ƙarfe gaba ɗaya bayan matakin juyewa. Masu aiki suna dumama tanda zuwa kusan 200°C (392°F). Wannan babban zafin jiki yana ƙafe duk sauran danshi. Tsarin bushewa sosai yana da mahimmanci saboda yana hana fashewar tururi a cikin tutiya mai zafi kuma yana guje wa lahani mai laushi kamar pinholes.

Motocin bushewa na zamani sun haɗa da ƙira mai ceton kuzari. Wadannan fasalulluka suna rage yawan man fetur da inganta aikin shuka.

• Za su iya amfani da iskar gas daga tanderun zuwa zafin karfe.
• Sau da yawa sun haɗa da tsarin dawo da zafi.
• Suna tabbatar da ingantaccen rarraba zafi iri ɗaya.

Galvanizing Furnace

Tanderun galvanizing yana ba da zafin zafin da ake buƙata don narkar da zinc. Waɗannan raka'a masu ƙarfi suna kewaye da tulun zinc kuma suna kula da narkar da zinc a daidaitaccen zafin jiki. Furnace suna amfani da fasahar dumama da yawa don yin aiki yadda ya kamata. Nau'o'in gama-gari sun haɗa da:

• Pulse Korar Masu Konewa Mai Sauƙi
• Tushen dumama kai tsaye
• Wutar lantarki

Tsaro FarkoTushen wuta yana aiki a yanayin zafi mai tsananin gaske, yana mai da mahimmancin aminci. An gina su tare da rufin zafin jiki, na'urori masu auna firikwensin dijital don saka idanu kan zafin jiki, da ƙira waɗanda ke ba da izinin bincika masu ƙonewa cikin sauƙi da bawuloli masu sarrafawa.

Zinc Kettle

Kettle na zinc shine babban akwati rectangular wanda ke riƙe da narkakkar zinc. Yana zaune kai tsaye a cikin tanderun galvanizing, wanda ke dumama shi. Kettle dole ne ya zama mai ɗorewa mai ban mamaki don jure yanayin zafi mai tsayi da kuma lalata yanayin tutiya mai ruwa. Saboda wannan dalili, masana'antun suna yin kettles daga na musamman, ƙananan carbon, ƙananan siliki. Wasu na iya samun rufin ciki na bulo mai jujjuyawa don ƙarin tsawon rai.

Tsarin 3: Tsarin Jiyya Bayan Jiyya

Tsarin Bayan Jiyya shine mataki na ƙarshe a cikingalvanizing tsari. Manufarsa ita ce sanyaya sabon rufaffiyar karfe kuma a yi amfani da Layer na ƙarshe. Wannan tsarin yana tabbatar da samfurin yana da bayyanar da ake so da kuma dorewa na dogon lokaci. Babban abubuwan da aka gyara sune tankunan kashe wuta da tashoshin wucewa.

Tankuna masu kashe wuta

Bayan barin tulun zinc, karfen yana da zafi sosai, a kusa da 450°C (840°F). Tankuna masu kashewa suna kwantar da ƙarfe cikin hanzari. Wannan sanyi mai sauri yana dakatar da halayen ƙarfe tsakanin zinc da baƙin ƙarfe. Idan karfe yana yin sanyi a hankali a cikin iska, wannan yanayin zai iya ci gaba, yana haifar da lalacewa mai lalacewa. Quenching yana taimakawa wajen samun haske, kamanni iri ɗaya. Koyaya, wasu ƙirar ƙarfe ba su dace da quenching ba saboda saurin canjin zafin jiki na iya haifar da warping.

Masu aiki suna amfani da ruwa daban-daban, ko matsakaici, don quenching dangane da sakamakon da ake so:

• Ruwa:Yana ba da sanyaya mafi sauri amma yana iya samar da gishirin zinc mai cirewa a saman.
• Mai:Sanya ƙarfe mai ƙarfi fiye da ruwa, wanda ke rage haɗarin fashewa yayin haɓaka ductility.
• Narkar da Gishiri:Bayar da hankali, mafi sarrafawa ƙimar sanyaya, rage murdiya.

Passivation da Kammalawa

Passivation shine maganin sinadarai na ƙarshe. Wannan tsari yana amfani da siriri, Layer marar ganuwa zuwa saman galvanized. Wannan Layer yana kare sabon murfin zinc daga iskar oxygen da bai kai ba da kuma samuwar "farar tsatsa" a lokacin ajiya da sufuri.

Tsaro da Bayanan Muhalli:A tarihi, passivation yakan yi amfani da wakilai masu ɗauke da chromium hexavalent (Cr6). Duk da haka, wannan sinadari mai guba ne kuma mai guba. Hukumomin gwamnati kamar Hukumar Kula da Tsaro da Lafiya ta Amurka (OSHA) suna ƙayyadaddun amfani da shi sosai. Saboda waɗannan abubuwan da suka shafi lafiya da muhalli, masana'antar yanzu suna amfani da mafi aminci madadin, kamar trivalent chromium (Cr3+) da fastoci marasa chromium.

Wannan mataki na ƙarshe yana tabbatar dagalvanized samfurinya isa inda zai nufa a tsaftace, a tsare, kuma a shirye don amfani.

Mahimman Tsarin Tallafi Mai Faɗin Shuka

Manyan tsare-tsare guda uku a cikin shukar galvanizing sun dogara da mahimman tsarin tallafi don aiki cikin aminci da inganci. Waɗannan tsarin faɗin tsire-tsire suna ɗaukar motsi na kayan aiki, ayyuka na musamman na sutura, da amincin muhalli. Suna haɗa dukkan tsari daga farko zuwa ƙarshe.

Tsarin Sarrafa kayan aiki

Tsarin sarrafa kayan yana motsa ƙirƙira ƙarfe mai nauyi a duk faɗin wurin. Tsire-tsire na galvanizing na zamani suna buƙatar cranes masu daraja da sauran kayan aiki don sarrafa ayyukan aiki. Dole ne wannan kayan aiki ya kula da nauyin abubuwan kuma ya jure babban zafi da bayyanar sinadarai.

• Cranes
• Masu ɗagawa
• Masu jigilar kaya
• Masu ɗagawa

Dole ne masu aiki suyi la'akari da iyakar nauyin wannan kayan aiki. Don ƙirƙira mai nauyi mai nauyi, ya fi dacewa don tuntuɓar galvanizer don tabbatar da tsarin su zai iya ɗaukar nauyin. Wannan shiri yana hana jinkiri kuma yana tabbatar da kulawa lafiya.

Kayan Aikin Galvanizing Tsarin Tsarin

Shuka amfaniKayan Aikin Galvanizing Tsarin Tsarindon cimma daidaitaccen suturar zinc akan manyan abubuwa ko hadaddun abubuwa. Daidaitaccen tsomawa ƙila bazai isa ga guntu masu siffa marasa tsari ko saman ciki ba. Wannan ƙwararrun kayan aiki yana amfani da ingantattun dabaru, kamar motsin ɓangaren sarrafawa ko tsarin feshi mai sarrafa kansa, don tabbatar da zurfafan tutiya ya kai ko'ina. Amfani da madaidaitan Kayan aikin Galvanizing na Tsarin Tsarin yana da mahimmanci don saduwa da ƙa'idodi masu inganci akan abubuwa kamar manyan katako ko rikitattun taruka. Amfani da kyau na Kayan aikin Galvanizing Tsarin Tsarin Yana ba da garantin daidaitaccen ƙarewa da kariya.

Cire Fume da Magani

Tsarin galvanizing yana haifar da hayaki, musamman daga tankunan tattara acid dazafi zinc kettle. Tsarin hakar hayaki da tsarin jiyya yana da mahimmanci don amincin ma'aikaci da kariyar muhalli. Wannan tsarin yana kama tururi mai cutarwa a tushen su, yana tsaftace iska ta hanyar goge ko tacewa, sannan ya sake shi cikin aminci.

Tsaro & Muhalli:Haɓakar hayaƙi mai inganci yana kare ma'aikata daga shakar tururin sinadarai kuma yana hana fitar da gurɓataccen abu a cikin yanayi, yana tabbatar da shukar ta bi ka'idojin muhalli.

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Maɓallin maɓalli na galvanizing shuka yana haɗa mahimman tsarin uku. Kafin magani yana wanke karfe don mannewar zinc. Tsarin galvanizing yana amfani da sutura, kuma bayan jiyya ya ƙare samfurin. Tsarukan tallafi, gami da Kayan Aikin Galvanizing Tsarin Tsarin, sun haɗa tsarin gaba ɗaya. Tsire-tsire na zamani suna amfani da aiki da kai da mahimmin alamun aiki don haɓaka inganci da dorewa.